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- <text id=93TT0531>
- <title>
- Nov. 15, 1993: The Arts & Media:Books
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
- Nov. 15, 1993 A Christian In Winter:Billy Graham
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- THE ARTS & MEDIA, Page 98
- Books
- The Great Enunciator
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>The first of a two-volume biography maps the divided soul of
- W.E.B. Du Bois
- </p>
- <p>By R.Z. SHEPPARD
- </p>
- <p> William Edward Burghardt Du Bois was born an African American
- in 1868 in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, and died an American
- African 95 years later in Accra, Ghana. His lifetime included
- two Johnson Administrations (Andrew's and Lyndon's) and stretched
- from the betrayal of Reconstruction to the unfinished dream
- of civil rights. He was "the Old Man" to generations of black
- leaders and Moses to their followers. But Old Testament robes
- were a poor fit, as David Levering Lewis' painstaking scholarship
- makes clear in W.E.B. Du Bois, the first of a two-part biography
- (Henry Holt; 735 pages; $35).
- </p>
- <p> Du Bois was cut out to be a modern intellectual: conflicted,
- inconsistent and alienated from the conditions and customs of
- the race he strove to transform. To begin with, he was a Northerner
- and nearly as white as he was black. There were Dutch and French
- as well as West African branches on his family tree. He was
- a child prodigy who became an editor, activist (he was a founder
- of the N.A.A.C.P.) and writer. His best-known book, The Souls
- of Black Folk (1903), gave new dimension to understanding racism
- through the concept of double consciousness, which he described
- as "this sense of always looking at one's self through the eyes
- of others, of measuring one's soul by the tape of a world that
- looks on in amused contempt and pity." Lewis, who holds the
- Martin Luther King Jr. chair in history at Rutgers, puts ideas
- on an equal footing with his cast of characters. They include
- Booker T. Washington, founder of Tuskegee Institute and Du Bois'
- principal rival for the souls of black folk. "The Great Accommodator,"
- as Washington was known, stressed vocational training as the
- road to progress. Aim higher, was Du Bois' response, especially
- meant for the ears of those he called "the talented tenth,"
- men and women like himself.
- </p>
- <p> This was brave talk in a society where descendants of slaves
- had traditionally been admired for their muscles, not their
- mind. Du Bois' program for broadening education has been well
- documented, but Lewis demonstrates the extent to which the Old
- Man fought to make African Americans heirs to their own intellectual
- and cultural past.
- </p>
- <p> More than any other black leader, Du Bois gave his people a
- story of their own. To charges that he was an imaginative historian
- he replied, "There is little danger of long misleading here,
- for the champions of white folk are legion." Yet for all his
- insights, he was uneasy about his own identity. His writings
- are full of references to skin tone, the lighter the more becoming.
- "This subtext of proud hybridization is so prevalent," Lewis
- writes, "that the failure to notice it in the literature about
- him is as remarkable as the complex itself."
- </p>
- <p> Did this ironic racism contribute to Du Bois' aloofness and
- inability to work and play well with others? Did it underlie
- his conflicting positions on racial inclusion and separatism?
- The second volume of this impressive study of a divided soul
- should provide some answers. They are necessary if people of
- all tints are to find common ground in their own flawed natures.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
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